美国联邦储备系统 (简称美联储FED)负责履行美国央行职责,成立于1913年12月,由联邦储备委员会、联邦公开市场委员会、联邦储备银行、约三千家会员银行、及三个咨询委员会组成。
FED的核心机构是联邦储备委员会(Federal Reserve Board),是联邦政府机构。该委员会由七名成员组成(主席、副主席各一位,委员五名),须由美国总统提名,经参议院批准,任期为十四年(主席、副主席任期为四年,可连任;现任主席:杰罗米 鲍威尔 Jerome Bowel )国会议员同意,总统无权罢免这7位委员。
美国全国划分12个储备区,每区设立一个联邦储备银行分行,各自独立,在25座大中城市,设立分支机构。每家区域性储备银行都是一个法人机构,拥有自己的董事会。会员银行是美国的私人银行.。
联邦公开市场委员会FOMC由12名成员组成,包括联邦储备委员会7名成员,纽约联邦储备银行行长,其它4个名额由另外11个联邦储备银行行长轮流担任。该委员会设一名主席 ,一名副主席。其它所有的联邦储备银行行长都可以参加联邦公开市场委员会的讨论会议,但无投票权。
FOMC制定美国的货币政策,通过公开市场操作买卖美国国债调控‘联邦基金利率’,从而间接调控美国短期和长期利息,进而影响美国和全球经济。
FED是以私有形式组织来行使公共目的的政府机构。美联储是私有制银行,全部股份为私人所有。美国政府不拥有FED股份,但FED 94%利润上缴美国财政部,剩余6%用于给会员银行发放股息。
美联储独立行使权力,其决策无需获得美国总统或国会的批准。美国政府对美联储的影响很小,总统也不能干预。美联储接受国会的监督。
附:FED造币概览
1)美国政府赤字预算(公共项目、社会福利、战争等)
2)财政部发行国债,将卖国债获得的美元交给美国政府
3)美国大银行和主权国家银行(日本、中国、沙特等)竞拍购买美国国债
4)美国大银行等金融机构通过FED的公开市场操作,将美国国债卖给FED获利
5)FED凭空开支票(造币)给美国大银行等金融机构,从他们手里购买美国国债
6)这些美国大银行等金融机构用FED的支票又到美国财政部竞拍购买美国国债
7)美国大银行等金融机构又将美国国债卖给FED获利,FED又凭空开支票(又造币)给这些美国大银行等金融机构
编辑整理:李庐年
《废除美联储运动》
更改领导人
2016年9月26日起,只要新领导人同意,会员向后台反馈,审计部审核通过后,就可以更换领导人。
平台不时开放“更换领导人”功能,主要目的是清理MMM蛀虫、挖空做仿盘或其他项目的MMM领导人,同时警示不负责的领导人。
会员转入负责的新领导人团队,不仅可以及时获得最新资讯和多方面的帮助,对自己今后各方面的成长也颇为有利。
优秀的MMM领导人不一定是MMM经理人,但普遍都具有如下特质:
1)领悟马夫罗季思想,认同MMM理念,明白平台运作原理,非关键资金参与。
2)有长远的三妹规划,不为眼前利益所惑,心胸广,格局大。
3)知识面广,专业性强,营销视角独特。
4)能投入足够的时间(不一定全职):投入大量的时间,表明看好三妹前景;伙伴有问题也可以随时咨询,随时获得帮助。
5)责任心强、行业操守好:一个人要成功必须长期专注做一件事,此点极为重要。
试想,领导人把你引入三妹,团队大了后,便鼓动团队伙伴离开三妹,去做别的项目,甚至亲自或联手开仿盘,用所谓的先机引诱你,使你陷入进退维谷的境地:一方面,放弃三妹,你又不甘心,毕竟投入了大量的时间和精力;坚持吧,领导人都走了,团队伙伴也动摇了或被蛊惑走了,独木难支;另一方面,出于对领导人的信任,你可能抵挡不了新项目新机遇的诱惑,可能还按捺不住自己带领伙伴们赚大钱的豪情。碰到美三之类的圈钱仿盘,不仅血本无归,更无颜见江东父老!你不可能不整日担忧!
即使领导人动机良好,选的项目也不错,如他经常换项目,今天做这,明天做那,你和你的伙伴被拉来拉去的,到头来能收获几何?
常言道,选择大于努力,但我们也不能忘了饮水思源。
请尽量不要更换领导人,除非现领导人:
1)不诚信被封号了,或不再相信三妹了,不做了,或去做仿盘或其他项目了;
2)长时间对你不闻不问,没有提供任何帮助。
忽悠别人更换领导人是极不到道德的,甚至是别有用心的。
之前某些利益熏心的领导人利用自己的影响力,杜撰出所谓的“快车道”和所谓的“特权便利”,连哄带骗,整合了十几万人到自己的名下,然后去做仿盘,甚至自己直接开仿盘。
伙伴们,务请警惕这些无良领导人!千万别上当受骗!
原创者:李庐年
FIVE THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT PONZI SCHEMES
These are the five things you should know about Ponzi schemes (aka pyramid schemes) to keep you from making a massive investment mistake, according to Magnus Heystek, Managing Director at Brenthurst Wealth Management:
- It promises returns far above average.
- It’s not registered and neither are the advisors.
- It has a complex prospectus — if you don’t understand it don’t do it!
- Advisors make their sales under pressure; offered only to “select clients”.
- Beware of the word “guarantee”. There is a big difference between an “undertaking” and a “guarantee”.
成功论
MMM是一本书
资金出场时间越长,风险越小
先看15天出局1次:
计算
再看3个月出一轮:
30000-18624=11376元
你是选择15天出一轮安全,还是选择3个月出一轮安全呢?
劳动创造财富 效益源于流通
金融启示不可避免,让我们一起改变世界!
想拉你一把,你的手在哪?
Floating Rate
Unfortunately, the situation is still quite complicated. Of course, it is getting better but not nearly as fast as we would like.
In this regard, for all Mavro acquired after April 24 and before this announcement, we introduce the floating rate (nevertheless, “old” Mavros bought before April 24 are still frozen). What is it? Let’s say the rate is 10% (0.10). That means that you either immediately can cash-in your Mavro for 10% of their value (and get real money at once), or continue to wait, hoping the situation to improve over time, and then you will be able to get the full value of your Mavro. Or, at least, the rate will increase, and Mavro can be sold more profitably. It’s up to you. However, keep in mind that the rate may even decrease — if there happen to be too many people willing to get help. So decide on your own.
As for Mavro acquired after the announcement publication, you can carry out any operations with them on a general basis as the floating rate is not applied to them. Accordingly, you can continue participating further.
With the hope of understanding,
MMM Administration
Together we change the world!
Partial Allocation Upon PH Request
Dear participants! We often receive your questions about creating orders while providing help.
The two questions which often arouse the interest of the participants are:
- Why don’t they receive orders for the full amount of the Provide Help request?
- When will they get an order for the remaining sum and have the request confirmed?
We have decided to clarify these issues for everyone. Here’s the answer:
Making orders not for the full amount upon the Provide Help request is normal. This step is taken in the context of the fight against frauds.
After having paid the control payment, you will receive first the order for the partial amount only (usually around 50%). It works like the second control payment. Those who have paid it are already absolutely reliable participants of our mutual aid Community. Please note that the second control payment is only one, and there are no any subsequent payments.
Thus you provide help in three stages:
- The first control payment (5%-10% of PH amount)
- The second control payment (about 50% of PH amount)
- The remaining PH amount in your PH request
As a result, the participants who previously became the cheaters’ victims via Get Help requests are being automatically matched with new senders from the list of participants, who made the second control payment, and who we are respectively confident in. Thus, people don’t encounter frauds several times in a row.
- At present, the measure is introduced by us everywhere — in all the countries. We first tested it in several states before implementing it universally. It has been working well in practice.
- Participants have no harm from this measure — only benefits. The remainder of the order comes quite quickly, therefore, the waiting period of the request confirmation is practically not extended due to this measure. Besides, the Mavro growth rate still has been growing all this time (and it is the most important! Isn’t it? :-)).
MMM develops and we are constantly improving the methods of dealing with frauds. We want to make the participation in the Community convenient and safe for everyone. Join MMM, get 30% per month, and create a fair world!
Justice, kindness and honesty are no longer a myth or fantasy in the modern world, MMM made them a reality! Together, we will change the world!!! Long live MMM and Sergey Mavrodi!!!